Giant Barrel Sponge

Xestospongia testudinaria is a species of barrel sponge in the family Petrosiidae.

Description

This species is maroon to pink, with the opening of the barrel pale white. Specimens are often found emerging from an apparent common base. In the intertidal zones, this species ranges from 10 to 20 cm in diameter, and are about 10 to 20 cm tall.

Distribution

This species is found in the Philippines, Australia, western and central Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Malaya and New Caledonia.

Habitat

These sponges are sessile filter feeders, with a very important role in the ecosystem. Giant Barrel Sponges filter a tremendous amount of water throughout their lifespan (some living up to 2000 years) which increases water clarity, controls algae, and affects coral populations. These sponges also serve as a habitat for many other species such as other invertebrates, benthic fish, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

Taxonomy

Xestospongia testudinaria var. fistulophora Wilson, 1925